Daphne B

Notes

Daphne B Cardiovascular System Chapter 12 # Cardiovascular System Notes Part 2 ## V. Blood - The **only fluid tissue** in the human body - 5x thicker than water - Color range - Oxygen - **rich** blood is **scarlet** red - Oxygen - **poor** blood is **dull** red - pH must remain between 7.35–7.45 - 5–6 Liters or about 6 quarts/body ## A. Composition ### 1. Blood Plasma - Makes up **55%** of blood - Composed of **90%** of **water** - Contains nutrients, salts (metal ions), respiratory gases, hormones, proteins, waste products ### 2. Erythrocytes - **Red blood cells** - The main function is to **carry oxygen** - Biconcave disks - Anucleate (**no nucleus**) - Outnumber white blood cells 1000:1 - Each erythrocyte has 250 million **hemoglobin** molecules - **Iron - containing protein** - Binds strongly to oxygen ### 3. Leukocytes - **white blood cells** - Crucial in the body’s **defense against disease** ## 4. Platelets - Produced from **ruptured cells** (megakaryocytes) - Needed for the **clotting** process ## B. Blood Disorders ### 1. Anemia - caused by low **iron** or hemoglobin - Symptoms: fatigue, dizziness, headaches, shortness of breath ### 2. Sickle-cell Anemia - ...