Regulation

Notes

Regulation of Fat Mobilisation & Ketogenesis Part 1: Regulation of Fat Mobilisation Part 2: Ketogenesis Assoc. Prof. Dr. Narimah Abdul Hamid Hasani •[Part 1: Regulation of Fat Mobilisation] **Specific Objectives** Explain the factors regulating fat mobilisation from adipose tissues, focusing on insulin and glucagon. **Mobilisation of Fat from Adipose Tissues** The amount of triacylglycerol (TG) stored in adipose tissue depends on the balance between esterification (synthesis) and lipolysis (degradation). Esterification: Glycerol + 3 Fatty Acids → TG, leading to TG accumulation when higher. Esterification depends on: - Supply of fatty acyl-CoA - Supply of glycerol 3-phosphate (indirectly from glucose) Lipolysis: TG → 3 Fatty Acids + Glycerol, with increased lipolysis decreasing TG in adipocytes. **Synthesis of Triacylglycerol During Fed-State** In adipose tissue, glucose-6-phosphate is converted to glycerol-3-phosphate, which combines with fatty acyl-CoA to form TG. Lipoprotein lipase (with apo C-II) breaks down chylomicrons and VLDL, releasing free fatty acids (FFA) and glycerol for storage. **Degradation During Starvation** Lipolysis by hormo...