The 12th century CE was another period of instability and conflict in Europe particularly between England

Notes

The 12th century CE was another period of instability and conflict in Europe, particularly between England and France. This period occurred from 1159 CE to 1259 CE and was known as The First Hundred Years’ War. At the time, there were two major kingdoms in England and France. The Plantagenet family ruled most of England and owned a great deal of land in France. In fact, nearly half of France was owned by the English kings, Henry II, Richard I, and John. The French kings of the Capet family, Louis VII and, later, Philip Augustus, wanted to regain control of their own lands. They began fighting the English kings. Henry II became the King of England in 1154 CE. He decided to expand England’s territory in France, winning several major battles. When Philip Augustus became the King of France in 1180 CE, he fought back against Henry. He persuaded Henry’s son, Richard, to help him against his father. Richard’s nickname was Richard the Lionheart, because of his reputation as a great warrior and leader. When Henry died in 1189 CE, Richard became the new king of England. Although Richard the Lionheart was close to King Philip, Philip kept attacking the English lands in France. He co...