Chemical Kinetics Fundamentals and Drug Degradation Concepts

Notes

PCH 202: Inorganic Pharm Chemistry Chemical Kinetics relevant to pharmacy (effects on feasibility of drug synthesis, mixing and stability of pharmaceuticals) Pharm Adione N.M Department of Pharm & Medicinal Chemistry Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka Overview • Definition of chemical kinetics  Chemical kinetics: Is the study of the rate or speed of a chemical reaction(s) and the factors that affect it.  Chemical reactions occur when particles collide with sufficient energy, and in correct orientation (collision theory)  Only effective collisions produce chemical reactions  Importance in pharmacy:  Drug stability  Shelf life determination  Pharmacokinetics: ADME Factors Affecting the rate • Temperature • Concentration • Catalysts • Surface area • Pressure (for gases) • Nature of reactants (e.g Inorganic reactions are faster than organic ones) Reaction Rate • Is the speed at which a chemical reaction occurs • It describes how fast reactants are converted into products • Change in concentration of reactants or products per unit time Rate = -dC/dt • dC= change in concentration • dt= change in time • Negative sign indicates that reactant concentration decreases with time • Expresse...