Transcription 3/24/2026, 3:34:53 PM

Notes

• RNA Viruses All have single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) except Reoviruses. All are enveloped except for Picornaviruses, Caliciviruses, and Reoviruses. All replicate in the cytoplasm except Orthomyxoviruses and Retroviruses. Positive-sense RNA includes: - Picornaviruses - Flaviviruses - Togaviruses - Coronaviruses - Retroviruses (Call Pico and To Come Right) The largest RNA virus is from the Paramyxoviridae family. The smallest is from the Astroviridae family. RNA virus: Panmyxoviridae. • ARBO VIRUSES **VIRUS FAMILY AND SPECIFIC VIRUS** **Togaviridae** - Alpha Viruses: Causes equine encephalitis. - Vectors: Mosquitoes (Aedes spp., Culex spp.) - Arthropod-borne except for Chikungunya Virus. - Chikungunya Virus: Associated with myositis and arthritis. - Patients show red spots on the soft palate known as Forchheimer Spots. - Rubella Virus: Causes German Measles (also known as 3-day measles). - Characterized by low-grade fever, few rashes, shorter course. - Teratogenic: Can cause fetal defects, including placental issues. **Flaviviridae** - Yellow Fever Virus: Causes Dengue Fever. - Arthropod-borne except for Hepatitis C Virus (HCV). - ...