Russia at

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Russia at Napoleonic Wars During the Napoleonic Wars, Russia initially suffered defeat and signed the Treaty of Tilsit in 1807. In 1812, Napoleon's Grand Army invaded Russia, leading to the conflict known as the Patriotic War. Although the French captured Moscow, they were forced into a disastrous retreat due to the Russian winter, partisan raids, and the Russian army. After expelling Napoleon, Russia led the campaign to liberate Europe, capturing Paris in 1814. At the Congress of Vienna, Russia emerged as the dominant continental power, a position it held for the next 40 years, earning the title Gendarme of Europe. •Other conflicts in the 1st quarter of XIX century In the early 19th century, Russia's expansion into the Caucasus sparked multiple conflicts, including the Russo-Persian Wars (1804-1813, 1826-1828) and Russo-Turkish Wars (1806-1812, 1828-1829). This expansion incorporated Georgia, Abkhazia, and parts of Azerbaijan, leading to the prolonged Caucasian War (1817-1864) against local resistance. Simultaneously, Russia defeated Sweden in the Finnish War (1808-1809), annexing Finland as an autonomous principality. Beyond Europe, Russia expanded overseas, colonizing Alaska ...