Protozoa: Diversity, roles, and the malaria parasite life cycle

Notes

1.1 * The Diversity and Commonality of Cells  (A FIGURE 1-4 Plasmodium organisms, the parasites that cause malaria, are single-celled protozoans with a remarkable life cycle. Many Plasmodium species are known, and they can infect a variety of animals, cycling between insect and vertebrate hosts. The four species that cause malaria in humans undergo several dramatic transformations within their human and mosquito hosts. (a) Diagram of the life cycle. Sporozoites enter a human host when an infected Anopheles mosquito bites a person 1. They migrate to the liver where they develop into merozoites, which are released into the blood 2. Merozoites differ substantially from sporozoites, so this transformation is a metamorphosis (Greek, "to transform" or "many shapes"). Circulating merozoites invade red blood cells (RBCs) and reproduce within them 3. Proteins produced by some Plasmodium species move to the surface of infected RBCs, causing the cells to adhere to the walls of blood vessels. This prevents infected RBCs cells from circulating to the spleen where cells of the immune system would destroy the RBCs and the Plasmodium organisms they harbor. After growing an...