Sources of Genetic Variation

Notes

# Sources of Genetic Variation ## Terms • **Subtopic: Paralog and Pseudogene** - **Paralog**: Duplicated genes! When an organism has two copies of the same gene, the other gene can serve as an evolutionary tool if it has mutations. - **Pseudogene**: "False gene." A DNA sequence that looks like a gene but has mutations that make it nonfunctional. ## Gregor Mendel • **Subtopic: Discoveries in Genetic Inheritance** Gregor Mendel discovered the basis of genetic inheritance. - **Genotype**: Combination of alleles for a trait. - **R**: Dominant allele - **r**: Recessive allele - **Y**: Dominant allele - **y**: Recessive allele - **Allele**: Different versions of the same gene (one from mom, the other from dad). - **Homozygous**: Having two identical alleles for a gene. - **Heterozygous**: Having two different alleles for a gene. - **Phenotype**: Physical trait. - **R**: Round - **r**: Wrinkled - **Y**: Yellow - **y**: Green ## Probability and Genetic Crosses • **Subtopic: Solving Genetic Probabilities** Use a table to solve probabilities. Round (R) is dominant to wrinkled (r), and yellow (Y) is dominant to green (y). What is the probability of Rr x Rr pr...