Anemia: general concepts, classification and iron deficiency introduction

Notes

LEARNING OUTCOME PATHOLOGY BI L LEARNING OUTCOME ANSWER 1ST LECTURE: ANEMIA GENERAL ASPECTS 1. Define anaemia, outline the classification & pathophysiology of anaemia Anemia: 1. Robbins: decreased in RBC mass, result reduce oxygen transporting capacity in blood 2. Hoffbrands: reduction conct. Hb in blood below normal for age and sex Classification: 1. Based on mechanism: - Blood loss - High destruction - Low production 2. Based on morphology: - Microcytic, hypochromic anemia ( MCV, MCH & MCHC below normal ) - Normocytic, normochromic anemia ( MCV, MCH & MCHC within normal ) - Macrocytic anemia ( MCV is above upper normal ) *MCV : Mean cell volume MCH : Mean corpuscular hemoglobin MCHC : Mean corpuscular hemoglobin conct. Pathophysiology: Anemia > hypoxia > increased production EPO > hyperplasia of erythroid precursor in bone marrow > increase RBC > increase no. Reticulocyte *if severe anemia >> extramedullary hematopoiesis occurs 2. Describe the characteristic symptoms and signs of anaemia with relevant investigations and correlate them to the pathophysiology. Clinical features depends on: - Speed of onset - Severity: severe anemia - Age : elder - Haemoglobin O2 dissociation curves...