23.1 Respi

Notes

23.1 Respiratory System Anatomy Upper vs. Lower Respiratory System Upper: Nose, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx. Functions: Filters, warms, humidifies air, detects odors, vocal resonance. Lower: Larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs. Functions: Air conduction and gas exchange. Conducting Zone vs. Respiratory Zone Conducting Zone: Nose → terminal bronchioles. No gas exchange; warms, moistens, filters air. Respiratory Zone: Respiratory bronchioles → alveoli. Site of gas exchange. Nose External Nose: Visible part; cartilage and nasal bones. Nasal Cavity: Internal chamber; filters, warms, humidifies air. Nasal Conchae & Meatuses Conchae increase surface area and cause turbulence; meatuses enhance filtration. Pharynx Nasopharynx: Air only; pharyngeal tonsil; pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. Oropharynx: Air and food; palatine & lingual tonsils; stratified squamous epithelium. Laryngopharynx: Lowest part; air & food; stratified squamous epithelium. Hard vs. Soft Palate: Hard = bony; Soft = muscular, closes nasopharynx during swallowing. Tonsils: Palatine (lateral oropharynx), Lingual (base of tongue), Pharyngeal (nasopharynx). Eustachian Tubes: Connect middle...