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https://village.pirateib.su › A1.2 Nucleic Acids (HL) DNA as the Genetic Material DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is the hereditary material in all living organisms (bacteria, archaea, protists, fungi, plants and animals) Genetic information stored in DNA is passed from parent to offspring, allowing inheritance and the transmission of mutations In eukaryotes, DNA is located in the nucleus (also in mitochondria and chloroplasts); in prokaryotes, DNA lies free in the cytoplasm Most viruses use DNA as their genetic material but some, such as SARS-CoV-2 and HIV, use RNA instead; however, viruses are not considered living organisms because they cannot reproduce or metabolise without a host cell The universality of DNA across life forms is strong evidence for a common ancestor RNA as a Polymer Components of a Nucleotide A nucleotide is the monomer of nucleic acids. It is composed of three covalently bonded parts: a pentose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. Figure 5. RNA is typically single-stranded and much shorter than DNA (hundreds to thousands of nucleotides) Figure 1. A nucleotide drawn using a circle (phosphate), pentagon (pentose sugar) and rectangle (base). Figure 6. E...