Anemia1 Overview and Types

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Anemia: Overview and Types Anemia is a condition in which individuals have low Hb levels, which can arise from various causes. Anemia is accompanied by a reduced number of RBCs and may manifest with fatigue, shortness of breath, pallor, and weakness. Subtypes are classified by the size of RBCs, chronicity, and etiology. Anemia may occur from blood loss, decreased RBC production such as in iron deficiency, or increased RBC destruction such as in hemolysis. Management is aimed at improving Hb levels and treating the underlying conditions. Last updated: June 30, 2025 CONTENTS Overview Classification Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Management Comparison of Common Types of Anemia References Overview Definition Anemia is a quantitative deficiency of Hb, the oxygen- carrying component of RBCs. Anemia is noted when Hb levels are approximately: < 13.5 g/dL in adult males < 12 g/dL in adult females < 11 g/dL in children Normal levels can vary depending on the laboratory reference range. Epidemiology Found in patients of all ages, from infants to elderly More common in women than in men Prevalence: > 20% of individuals who are > 85 years of age Mild iron deficiency anemia is comm...