The History and Scope of Psychology.pptx

Apuntes

The History and Scope of Psychology.pptx ● HOW IS PSYCHOLOGY A SCIENCE? ○ passion for exploring and understanding without misleading or being misled ○ scientific attitude to shift from fiction: skepticism ○ humility manifested in awareness of vulnerability to error and openness to new perspective ● CRITICAL THINKING ○ examines assumptions, appraises the source, discerns hidden biases, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions ○ Critical thinking, informed by science, helps check our biases. ● psychological science is born ○ aristóteles ○ First Schools of Thought ■ Structuralism ■ Functionalism ○ First Laboratory ● psychological science is born ll ○ Psychology’s First Women ○ Mary Whiton Calkins: Memory researcher; first female APA president ○ Margaret Floy Washburn: Influential author; first female Ph.D.; second female APA president ● behaviorism ○ Behaviorism: Psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes. ○ John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner: Scientific study of behavior and learned fear. ○ B. F. Skinner: Leading behaviorist; rejected introspection and studied how consequences shape behavior. ● freudian psychology ...