The burgeoisie

Apuntes

•American independence •The French Revolution (1789-1792) •The Napoleonic Empire (1804-1815) •Spain (1788-1814) •The bourgeois revolutions The American colonies, settled by groups from England on the east coast in the early 17th century, grew into 13 colonies under British rule by the mid-18th century. In 1763, the Royal Proclamation banned westward settlements and increased taxes, but the colonies lacked representation in Parliament, fueling discontent. Enlightenment ideas and a desire for independence inspired protests, leading to the American War of Independence in 1775, supported by France and Spain. The colonies signed the Declaration of Independence in 1776, and the war ended in 1783 with Britain recognizing American independence through the Treaty of Versailles. In 1787, the U.S. Constitution established a federal government, with George Washington as the first president. This victory spurred westward expansion and inspired Latin American colonies to seek independence in the early 19th century, marking a triumph for Enlightenment and liberal ideas. •The French Revolution (1789-1792) A severe economic crisis, worsened by France’s involvement in the American Wa...