REVIEW

Apuntes

REVIEW Cancer Focus Microbiota-centered interventions to boost immune checkpoint blockade therapies Andrew A. Almonte 1,2 *  , Simon Thomas 1,2,3 *  , and Laurence Zitvogel 1,2,3,4  Immune checkpoint blockade therapies have markedly advanced cancer treatment by invigorating antitumor immunity and extending patient survival. However, therapeutic resistance and immune-related toxicities remain major concerns. Emerging evidence indicates that microbial dysbiosis diminishes therapeutic response rates, while a diverse gut ecology and key beneficial taxa correlate with improved treatment outcomes. Therefore, there is a growing understanding that manipulating the gut microbiota could boost therapy efficacy. This review examines burgeoning methods that target the gut microbiome to optimize therapy and innovative diagnostic tools to detect dysbiosis, and highlights challenges that remain to be addressed in the field. Introduction Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies are monoclonal antibodies that target and block the actions of key immune regulators, such as programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), its ligand PD-L1, or cytotoxic T lymphocyte – associated protein 4 (CTLA-4). They hav...