GRAMMAR I

Apuntes

GRAMMAR I UNIT 1: THE UNITS OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR ❖ The clause: coordinate clauses and subordinate clauses. ❖ Kinds of sentences: simple, compound and complex sentences. ❖ The phrase: the noun phrase, the verb phrase, the adjective phrase, the adverb phrase and the prepositional phrase. ❖ The morpheme. ❖ Sentence types: statements: affirmative and negative. ❖ Questions: yes-no questions, Wh -questions, Echo questions, tag questions. ❖ Commands: without a subject, with subject (you), exclamations. CLAUSE: A clause has a subject and a verb . The sentence “ We stayed at home” is a single main clause. The sentence “ We stayed at home because it rained” has two clauses. “ We stayed at home” is the main clause , and “ because it rained” is the sub-clause or subordinate clause . MAIN CLAUSE: A main clause has a subject and a verb and can stand on its own since it conveys a complete meaning . E.g.: “ I phoned yesterday.” SUB-CLAUSE OR SUBORDINATE CLAUSE: It also has a subject and a verb but cannot stand on its own . A sub-clause functions as part of the main clause . For example, it can be the object of the main clause , e.g.: “ I knew...