in 1968.

Apuntes

• Historical Context and Political Conditions In the 19th and early 20th centuries, Mexico faced significant political instability, social inequalities, and a weak central authority. These conditions facilitated the rise of caudillismo—personalist leadership by regional strongmen—who became dominant political figures. • First Non-PRI President and Democratic Implications Vicente Fox was the first president elected outside the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI). His election marked a major shift in Mexican democracy, ending the PRI’s long-standing rule and increasing electoral competition. • Reforms During the Mexican Revolution Reforms such as the Agrarian Law of 1915 and those by Lázaro Cárdenas in the 1930s aimed to diminish hacienda dominance and promote land redistribution by breaking up large estates. • Role of Regional Militias and Local Support During the Mexican Revolution, caudillos depended heavily on regional militias and local backing. Military strength and regional political and social support were essential for maintaining power. • Francisco I. Madero’s Revolutionary Document Madero issued the San Luis Plan, which aimed to ignore Porfirio Díaz’s reg...