PARKINSON

Apuntes

PARKINSON Introduction to movement disorders Definition Movement disorders are neurological conditions that affect the speed, fluency, quality, and ease of voluntary and involuntary movements. They are broadly divided into two categories Type Key Features Common Examples Hypokinetic Hyperkinetic Reduced orslowed movement, rigidity Excessive, involuntary, uncontrolled movements Parkinson´s disease, MSA, PSP, CBD Chorea, dystonia, tremor, tics Common Etiologies 1. Neurodegenerative diseases (e.g Parkinson´s, Huntington´s) 2. Genetic mutations (e.g, HTT gene in Huntington´s ) 3. Autoinmune disorders 4. Metabolic conditions 5. Drug-induced (especially antipsychotic causin parkinsonism) General Pathophysiology Main structures involved : Basal Ganglia • Hypokinetic • Hyperkinetic Dopamine Neurotransmitter imbalance motor cortex activation ( e.g dopamine or GABA ) excesive or abnormal movements Basal ganglial act as a motor filter, modulating movement output to the cortex Detailed Classification Hypokinetic Movement Disorders: • Bradykinesia • Rigidity • Postural inestability • Examples: • Parkinson´s disease (PD) • Multiple System atrophy (MSA) • Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) • Co...