Napoleonic

Apuntes

•Napoleonic Era (1799-1815) In 1799, Napoleon participated in a coup d’état that overthrew the Directory and established the Consulate, a new government in France. Although intended to be a republic, Napoleon held absolute power as the "first consul," a title inspired by ancient Rome. He controlled the government by appointing officials, commanding the army, directing foreign affairs, and influencing the legislature. In 1802, Napoleon was made consul for life, and in 1804, he crowned himself Emperor Napoleon I. •Napoleon’s Wars War with Britain resumed in 1803, followed by battles against Austria and Prussia, leading to victories that expanded his influence across Europe. By 1807, Napoleon controlled much of Europe. His empire was divided into three parts: the French Empire, dependent states ruled by relatives (e.g., Spain, Holland, Italy), and allied states (e.g., Prussia, Austria) defeated by Napoleon and forced to join his struggle against Britain. To maintain control, Napoleon placed relatives on thrones of conquered territories, promoting principles of the French Revolution. •Battle of Trafalgar The Battle of Trafalgar (October 1805) was a major naval engagement betwee...