Ca 🫁

Apuntes

• Lung Cancer: Overview Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death. Its presentation typically includes symptoms such as cough, hemoptysis, bronchial obstruction, wheezing, and radiographic findings like a pneumonic “coin” lesion on chest X-ray (CXR) or a non-calcified nodule on CT scan. Sites of metastases from lung cancer include the adrenals, brain, bones (which may lead to pathological fractures), and the liver (causing jaundice and hepatomegaly). In the lung, metastases—usually multiple lesions—are more common than primary neoplasms. Most often, metastases originate from breast, colon, prostate, and bladder cancers. • Types of Lung Cancer **Small Cell Lung Carcinoma (SCLC):** - Location: Central - Characteristics: Undifferentiated, very aggressive, also known as oat cell carcinoma. - Paraneoplastic syndromes: May produce ACTH (leading to Cushing syndrome), SIADH, or antibodies against presynaptic Ca²⁺ channels (Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome), or antibodies against neurons (paraneoplastic myelitis, encephalitis, subacute cerebellar degeneration). - Molecular features: Amplification of myc oncogenes is common. - Histology: Neoplasm of neuroendocr...