BIOL 2225 Anatomy and Physiology II Lecture

Apuntes

**BIOL 2225 Anatomy and Physiology II Lecture** **Unit 1 Study Guide** **Chapter 18: Blood** • **Major functions of blood:** Blood transports oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and waste products; regulates pH, temperature, and fluid balance; and defends against infections and blood loss. • **Components of plasma and their functions:** Plasma is composed mainly of water (about 90%), along with proteins, electrolytes, nutrients, hormones, and waste products. - **Proteins:** Albumin (maintains osmotic pressure), globulins (immune functions), fibrinogen (clotting). - **Electrolytes:** Regulate osmotic balance and pH. - **Nutrients and waste:** Provide energy and remove metabolic byproducts. • **Formed elements:** These are the cellular components of blood, including erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets. They are created in the bone marrow and have various functions such as oxygen transport, immune response, and clotting. • **Layers after centrifugation:** - **Top layer:** Plasma - **Middle layer:** Buffy coat (leukocytes and platelets) - **Bottom layer:** Erythrocytes (red blood cells) • **Erythrocyte concentrations:** Erythrocytes are ...