a. During the Caliphate of CORDOBA1 the caliphs suppressed internal rebellions and CHRISTIAN advances thanks to the military expeditions 2azeifas3 of AL-MANSUR4 who forced his enemies to pay taxes 5PARIAS6 to keep the peace.

Apuntes

a. During the Caliphate of CORDOBA, the caliphs suppressed internal rebellions and CHRISTIAN advances thanks to the military expeditions (azeifas) of AL-MANSUR, who forced his enemies to pay taxes (PARIAS) to keep the peace. b. To prevent Chistian conquest, two North African Muslim peoples, the ALMORAVIDS (1086) and Almohads (1147) arrived on the Peninsula and took control of most TAIFAS. c. In Al-Andalus, most of the society was MUSLIM and divided into different social categories: the aristocracy (LANDOWNERS and large traders), middle class (traders, ARTISANS, etc.) and COMMONERS. d. Although MOSQUES are the most representative structures in Andalusian architecture, they also built civil buildings, such as kasbahs, palaces, BAZAARS, and public schools (MADRASAS) Germanic peoples: • Peoples that inhabited the Western Roman Empire borders. • They were pushed by the Huns in the 5th century, and to escape them they invaded the Western Roman Empire. • Examples of Germanic peoples are Visigoths, Ostrogoths, Franks, Alemanni, Suebi, Vandals, etc. • These peoples had no writing, laws or state structure. • They had military leaders, like Odoacer who deposed the last Roman emperor and was p...