CLÍNICAS D

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CLÍNICAS DE GASTROENTEROLOGÍA DE MÉXICO REVIEW ARTICLE Clinical suspicion and diagnostic strategies in gastroesophageal reflux disease Luis R. Valdovinos-García1,2* , Diego A. Vázquez-Nicolás1 , Natalia M. Barrón-Cervantes1 , Andrés Stenner-Escalante1 , and Montserrat Olaya-Herrera1 1Department of Experimental Surgery, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán; 2Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Mexico City, Mexico Abstract Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic disorder characterized by the abnormal return of gastric contents into the esophagus, leading to bothersome symptoms and potential mucosal injury. Clinically, it presents mainly with heartburn, regurgitation, and chest pain, although extraesophageal manifestations such as chronic cough, asthma, laryngitis, and dental erosions may also occur. Other conditions – including pharyngitis, sinusitis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, otitis media, sleep apnea, and burning mouth syndrome – have been attributed to reflux but lack conclusive causal evidence. GERD may cause erosive esophagitis, peptic stricture, or Barrett’s esophagus. Diagnosis is usually suspected based...