Here’s a d

Apuntes

Here’s a detailed study guide based on the topics listed in your “Bio 265 Lecture – Final Exam Review” by Dr. Di Bonaventura: • [Historical Contributions to Microbiology] Familiarize yourself with key achievements: Leeuwenhoek was the first to observe microbes; Pasteur developed germ theory and pasteurization; Koch formulated postulates and linked microbes to disease; Gram created the Gram staining method; Linnaeus established taxonomy and binomial nomenclature; Semmelweis promoted handwashing and infection control; Lister pioneered antiseptic surgery; Snow is considered the father of epidemiology; Jenner developed the smallpox vaccine; Ehrlich contributed to chemotherapy and the “magic bullet” concept; Fleming discovered penicillin. • [Introduction to Microbiology] Understand taxonomy: Domain > Kingdom > Phylum > Class > Order > Family > Genus > Species. Binomial nomenclature involves naming organisms with the genus and species, both italicized. • [Cell Morphology, Structure, and Function] Know bacterial shapes: cocci, bacilli, spirilla, vibrio. Arrangements include staphylo-, strepto-, and diplo-. Staining techniques include Gram stain and acid-fast stain. Key st...