Molecular genetic engineering

Apuntes

•Introduction to Plasmids and Cytoplasmic Inheritance Factors Research from the 1940s–50s identified extrachromosomal hereditary elements, initially called parasites, symbionts, or genes, with unclear roles. •Naming and Classification of Plasmids In 1952, Lederberg coined “plasmid” (from "cytoplasm" + Latin "id"). Jacob and Wollman introduced “episome” for non-essential elements capable of existing independently or integrating, especially for F-factor studies. •Evolution of Terminology and Understanding By the 1960s, studies on R-factors (conferring antibiotic resistance) showed these did not integrate into chromosomes like F-factors, leading to the adoption of “plasmid” as the standard term. •Historical Development of Plasmid Research Discovered in the 1950s, plasmids gained prominence in the 1970s, surpassing bacteriophages like lambda. In 1972, Falkow, Cohen, Boyer, and Brinton used EcoRI to cut pSC101 and pSC102, creating the first cloning experiment and establishing plasmids as vectors. •Advancements in Cloning Vectors Development of plasmids such as pBR322, pACYC, and pUC enabled higher copy number cloning, facilitating insertion of bacterial and mammali...