Rome – From origins to the fall of the Western Empire

Apuntes

``` 🏛 THEME 10: ROME – AN EMPIRE OF CITIES 📅 STAGES OF ROMAN HISTORY 1. Monarchy → 753 BC – 509 BC 2. Republic → 509 BC – 27 BC 3. Empire → 27 BC – AD 476 1️⃣ ORIGINS OF ROME 🌄 Historical Origin ● Several peoples lived on the Italian Peninsula: Latins, Etruscans, Greeks... ● In the 8th century BC, the Latins founded a settlement on the Palatine Hill. ● Around 600 BC, the Etruscans conquered Rome and turned it into a real city. ● Rome had 7 kings (4 Latin and 3 Etruscan). The king had absolute power: he led the army, administered justice, and controlled religion. 🐺 Mythological Origin The most famous legend is that of Romulus and Remus: ● They were sons of the god Mars. ● They were suckled by a she-wolf. ● Romulus killed Remus and founded Rome in 753 BC. Another legendary figure is Aeneas, a hero from Troy who, according to legend, was an ancestor of Rome’s founders. ``` --- ``` 2️⃣ THE REPUBLIC (509–27 BC) It began when the last king, Tarquinius Superbus (Tarquinius the Proud), was expelled. Republic means “public matter” (power belongs to the people). Its motto was SPQR (The Senate and the Roman People). • Subtopic: Social Groups Patricians → rich and powerful (they governed)....