Macromolecules, nutrient forms, and basic reactions

Apuntes

6.1 Nutrients.notebook 6.1 Nutrients Food can be grouped into 4 major macromolecules: 1) Carbohydrates 2) Lipids 3) Proteins 4) Nucleic Acids * table 6.1 p.206 p.206-216 Dehydration Synthesis - process assembling macromolecules - 2 smaller molecules are joined together into a larger molecule by removing a H2O - requires enzymes to speed up reaction - "anabolic" reaction A + B AB + H2O Hydrolysis - process disassembling macromolecules - macromolecules are broken down into smaller units by adding a H2O - requires enzymes - "catabolic" reactions AB + H2O A + B Nutrients I.CARBOHYDRATES - contains C:H:O (1:2:1) - produced by photosynthesis - makes up only 1% of cells - main function : energy storage Two Types: 1) Simple Sugars a) Monosaccharide (single sugars) - can have 3 - 7 Cs ie. trioses, pentoses - if >5Cs, ring structure - hexoses (6C) C6H12O6 * glucose * fructose * galactose Isomers - same molecular formula, different structural formula b) Disaccharides - 2 monosaccharides joined together with loss of water (dehydration synthesis) C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 C12H22O11 + H2O malt sugar: gluc + gluc maltose + water table sugar: gluc + fruc sucrose + water milk sugar: gluc + galactose lactos...