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Apuntes

• Subtopic: Bonding and Molecular Geometry Chapter 2: Bonding and Molecular Geometry **Bond Type: Covalent** - **Sigma Bonds**: These are the strongest type of covalent chemical bond formed by the head-on overlapping of atomic orbitals. - **Pi Bonds**: These bonds are formed by the side-to-side overlap of atomic orbitals and are generally weaker than sigma bonds. **Electron Domains and Bond Angles** 1. **1 Electron Domain**: Bond angle of 180°. 2. **2 Electron Domains**: Bond angle of 120°. 3. **3 Electron Domains**: Bond angle of 109.5°. 4. **4 Electron Domains**: Bond angle of 90°. **Hybridization** - **sp**: Associated with linear geometry. - **sp²**: Associated with trigonal planar geometry. - **sp³**: Associated with tetrahedral geometry. - **dsp³**: Associated with trigonal bipyramidal geometry. **Types of Covalent Bonds** - **Single Bond**: Consists of one sigma (σ) bond, involving two sp orbitals. - **Double Bond**: Consists of one sigma (σ) and one pi (π) bond, involving sp² orbitals. - **Triple Bond**: Consists of one sigma (σ) and two pi (π) bonds, involving sp orbitals. In terms of bond strength: triple bonds > double bonds > single bonds. **Newman Projection...