1-Characteristics of the political system during the reign of Alfonso XIII1

Apuntes

• Characteristics of the Political System During the Reign of Alfonso XIII The bipartisan system, in which the two main parties alternated in power, continued during his reign. The new leaders included the liberal José Canalejas and the conservative Antonio Maura. • Reforms Undertaken During the Reign of Alfonso XIII Attempts were made to end caciquismo and electoral fraud, but with limited success. Efforts were also directed at reducing the influence of the Church on public life and education, notably through the Ley del Candado. The first laws protecting workers were introduced. • Problems Created by the War in Morocco The war generated significant opposition among the popular classes, who condemned the mobilization of veteran soldiers. There was also discontent within parts of the army regarding the promotion system, which favored soldiers who had participated in the Moroccan campaigns (known as Africanistas). • Groups Opposed to the Restoration System - The Republicans - Socialism (PSOE and UGT) gained power among the working class and created the Communist Party of Spain (PCE) in 1921. - In 1910, anarcho-syndicalist workers founded the trade union Confederación Naci...