Foundations: Anatomy, Physiology, and Homeostasis

Apuntes

Anatomy and Physiology ■ Human anatomy refers to the structure of the human body – Skull, cardiac tissue, stomach, skin ■ Human physiology refers to the function of body parts – How the heart circulates blood – How the brain sends messages throughout the body Homeostasis ■ Homeostasis is the ability of an organism to maintain stable internal conditions – Sweating to cool off and shivering to generate heat – Breathing faster when exercising to take in more oxygen ■ Negative Feedback loops work to maintain homeostasis ■ Positive Feedback mechanisms promote a change from homeostasis ■ Ex. Blood Clotting Homeostasis: Feedback Loops ■ After you eat a large meal, your blood glucose levels are high – Pancreas releases insulin – Removes glucose from the blood and stores it in the liver. – Blood glucose levels drop and homeostasis is maintained Homeostasis: Feedback Loops ■ When you haven’t eaten in a while, your blood glucose levels are low – Pancreas releases the hormone glucagon – Liver releases glucose into the bloodstream. – Blood glucose levels rise and homeostasis is maintained Cells What do cells in a multicellular organism need to do to maintain homeostasis? – Ob...