Final Exam

Apuntes

Final Exam Key Terms List • Heart (Cardiovascular System): Conduction System The conduction system of the heart consists of specialized cardiac muscle cells that generate and transmit electrical impulses, coordinating heart contractions. Main Components: 1. Sinoatrial (SA) Node: ● Location: Right atrium near the superior vena cava ● Function: Acts as the heart's pacemaker, initiating impulses at ~60–100 bpm. 2. Atrioventricular (AV) Node: ● Location: Lower part of the right atrium near the septum ● Function: Slightly delays impulses to allow atrial contraction before ventricles contract. 3. Bundle of His (AV Bundle): ● Location: Interventricular septum ● Function: Conducts impulses from the AV node to the ventricles. 4. Right and Left Bundle Branches: ● Location: Along the right and left sides of the interventricular septum ● Function: Carry impulses to the apex of the heart. 5. Purkinje Fibers: ● Location: Spread throughout ventricular walls ● Function: Distribute impulses, causing ventricles to contract. • Ventricular Volumes and Heart Function EDV (End-Diastolic Volume): ● Blood volume in each ventricle at the end of diastole (~120 mL). ...