C1tedra 2 Study Guide

Apuntes

Cátedra 2 Study Guide Unit 9: What a Story 1. Grammar: Past Perfect & Narrative Tenses We use these tenses to narrate stories and discuss actions that took place in the past. Narrative tenses usually work together. • Past Perfect: Used to express an action that occurred before another event in the past. It often sets the stage for a story, sometimes explaining the reason for an action described in the Simple Past. ◦ Structure: Formed with the auxiliary had plus the past participle of the main verb. A common error is failing to use the correct past participle form of the verb after had (e.g., using "had do" or "had went"). Students must study the verbs in the past participle. ◦ Contraction: The contraction for had is 'd (apostrophe D). • Use in Narrative: A technique suggested for using the Past Perfect is to start the story right in the middle of the action and then use the Past Perfect to explain what had happened immediately before that scene. • Past Continuous: This tense is also a narrative tense, often used to describe a background action that was in progress when another action (in the Past Simple) interrupted it or occurred simultaneously. 2. Grammar: Joining Words (Linkers...