Demyelinat

Apuntes

Demyelinating diseases Multiple sclerosis Demyelinating disease of central nervous system Brain Spinal cord Myelin: protective sheath of the axon Produced by oligodentrocyte Multiple sclerosis occurs when the inmune system destroys the myelin It makes communication between neurons break down Leads to sensory, motor and cognitive problems The brain, and the brain neurons are protected by the blood brain barrier Blood brain barrier Only lets certain molecules and cells through from the blood T cells and B cells need to have the correct ligand or surface molecule in order to pass through the blood brain barrier Once the T cell is in, it can get activated by something it encounters (activated by myelin) Once it’s activated it changes the BBB cells to express more receptors It allows immune cells to bing more easily and get in I Multiple sclerosis is a type IV hypersensitivity reaction (cell mediated) Myelin specific T- cells Release cytokines (IL-1,IL-6, TNF a, INF gamma) Dilates blood vessels More immune cells get in Causes damage to the oligodendrocytes Attracts B cells and macrophages Cytokines attract B cells and macrophages as part of the inflammatory reaction B cells: make antibo...