Essentials of Biology and

Apuntes

Essentials of Biology and Chemistry for Biotechnology Part 1 • Living and non-living things • Elements, atoms, molecules • Bonds and ions • Notation in chemistry • Acids, bases, salts • Reactions Living things are grouped in 3 domains. Domain: Bacteria Domain: Archaea Domain: Eukarya Cell without a nucleus - prokaryotes Cells with a nucleus – eukaryotes. Protists, Fungi, Plants, Animals Unicellular Unicellular and multicellular Living and Non-Living Bacteria – live everywhere, feed on variety of sources Archaea – many live in extreme environments: hot springs, arctic ice, extreme salinity Living and Non-Living To be considered a “living thing”, a cell is needed. (Cell Theory) Viruses, prions, and viroids are not living things but infect living things and interfere with their cell machinery functioning Viruses have protein “coat” enclosing genetic information molecule – code how to make more viruses. They infect cells and cells follow the code. Living and Non-Living Prions – are misfolded protein molecules that can cause other proteins on the surface of the cell to become misfolded too. Infect animals. Disrupt cell membrane functions. Example: Mad Cow Disease Viroids – small cir...