Intro & Antitussives (Non-opioid & Opioid)

Apuntes

PHARMACOLOGY WEEK 1 36: Antihistamines, Decongestants, Antitussives, and Expectorants Drug Class •Non-opioid antitussive Mechanism of Action •Anesthetizes stretch receptors in the respiratory tract → suppresses cough reflex Indications (Usage) •Nonproductive (dry) cough •Post-viral cough •Chronic cough Routes •Oral capsules (must be swallowed whole) Pharmacokinetics •Onset: 15–20 minutes •Duration: 3–8 hours •Metabolized in liver Side Effects •Drowsiness •Dizziness •Headache •GI upset Serious Adverse Effects •Laryngospasm •Bronchospasm •Seizures •Cardiac arrest (if chewed/crushed) Contraindications •Hypersensitivity to local anesthetics (ester-type) •Children <10 years (fatal overdoses reported) Nursing Considerations •Do NOT chew or crush •Assess cough type before giving •Monitor for numbness of mouth/throat Patient Teaching •Swallow capsule whole •Do not take with alcohol •Report numbness, choking, or breathing difficulty •Chewing benzonatate can cause airway compromise and death. Mechanism of Action •Suppresses cough center in medulla •Binds opioid receptors Pharmacokinetics •Hepatic metabolism (CYP2D6) •Renal excretion Side Effects •Sedation •Constipation •Nausea •D...