Câncer de pulmão

Apuntes

L u n g C a n c e r 2 0 2 0 Epidemiology, Etiology, and Prevention Brett C. Bade, MD, Charles S. Dela Cruz, MD, PhD* KEYWORDS Lung cancer Tobacco smoking Epidemiology Etiology Prevention KEY POINTS Lung cancer is on the rise globally and is the most common cause of cancer death. Tobacco smoking remains the biggest risk factor for lung cancer. In the United States, lung cancer incidence, mortality, and survival are improving, although risk of disease development and outcomes vary by age, gender, race, and socioeconomic status. Nontobacco risk factors including environmental and occupational exposures, chronic lung dis- ease, and lifestyle factors contribute to lung cancer risk. Notable changes in lung cancer epidemiology and prevention have occurred over the past decade owing to changes in smoking patterns, ground- breaking advances in our understanding of the ge- netics of lung cancer, the immune system’s role in lung cancer control, and lung cancer treatment op- tions. Despite these advances, lung cancer re- mains the leading cause of cancer death.1 Worldwide, there are more lung cancer cases and deaths since 2011, the number of smokers increased between 1980 and 2012,2,3 and lung...