Transcription 5/26/2025, 22:41:24

Apuntes

• Subtopic: Nomenclature, Definition, and Types of Shock Thomas Standl, Thorsten Annecke, Ingolf Casorbi, Axel R. Heller, Anton Sabashnikov, Wolfram Teske **Summary** **Background:** A severe mismatch between the supply and demand of oxygen is the common feature of all types of shock. We present a newly developed, clinically oriented classification of the various types of shock and their therapeutic implications. **Methods:** This review is based on pertinent publications (1990–2018) retrieved by a selective search in PubMed, and on the relevant guidelines and meta-analyses. **Results:** There are only four major categories of shock, each of which is mainly related to one of four organ systems. Hypovolemic shock relates to the blood and fluids compartment, while distributive shock relates to the vascular system; cardiogenic shock arises from primary cardiac dysfunction; and obstructive shock arises from a blockage of the circulation. Hypovolemic shock is due to intravascular volume loss and is treated by fluid replacement with balanced crystalloids. Distributive shock, on the other hand, is a state of relative hypovolemia resulting from pathological redistribution of th...