PRINCIPIOS

Apuntes

PRINCIPIOS DE METABOLISMO Y BIOENERGÉTICA M. en C. Edgar Hernández Martínez Academia de Bioquímica E-mail: edgar.hernandez@cinvestav.mx Instituto Politécnico Nacional Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Biotecnología 1 2 Principios del metabolismo y bioenergética Metabolism, the sum of all the chemical transformations taking place in a cell or organism, occurs through a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions that constitute metabolic pathways. Metabolism functions: (1)Obtain chemical energy by capturing solar energy or degrading energy-rich nutrients from the environment; (2)Convert nutrient molecules into the cell’s own characteristic molecules, including precursors of macromolecules; (3)Polymerize monomeric precursors into macromolecules: proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides; (4)Synthesize and degrade biomolecules required for specialized cellular functions, such as membrane lipids, intracellular messengers, and pigments. Nelson y Cox, 2019 3 Three types of nonlinear metabolic pathways Nelson y Cox, 2019 Características generales de las rutas metabólicas 1. Metabolic pathways are irreversible. A highly exergonic reaction (one with G<<0) is irreversible; that is, it goe...