3rd tense1 We use the past conditional to talk about unreal or imaginary past events2 structure3 if 4 past perfect5 would 6not7 have...

Apuntes

• 3rd Tense: Past Conditional and Past Perfect We use the past conditional to talk about unreal or imaginary past events. Its structure is: **if + past perfect, would (not) have...** Examples: - If the capsule had become stock, it would have taken longer. - What would have happened if he hadn't been down the mine? The past perfect is used to describe the earlier of two past events, making the order of events clear. We use the simple past for more recent events. This helps indicate that one action occurred before another. Structure: **had + past participle**. Example: She had spent a lot of time in the hospital and needed to do exercises. *Note:* The past perfect is not passive (not passé); it focuses on the action rather than the agent. The passive voice structure in the past tense is: **was/were + past participle**. Example: The first robot was created in 1865. When referring to the agent, we use "by + noun." Example: The car was sketched by da Vinci in 1478. --- • Reported Speech Reported speech is used to tell someone what another person said, but not in exact words. **Direct speech → Indirect (reported) speech:** - Present simple → Past simple *...