The Crusad

Apuntes

The Crusades • Between 11–13th centuries Christian Europe expanded. • The Germans spread Christianity among pagans (Northern Europe). • Byzantine Empire spread Christianity among Slavs (Eastern EU). • Iberian Christian kingdoms against Muslims territory (Southern Europe). • Christianity also expanded beyond Europe → Crusades (West). • The Crusades were military expeditions to recover Holy Land from Muslims. • The first one was between 1095–1099. It was followed by 7 more. • Clashes between Christians and Muslims led to massacres, looting, and destruction. • Military orders like the Knights Templar or the Knights of Saint John were established during the Crusades, made up of monks who were warriors. • Pilgrimage routes: • Some Christian cities kept saints’ relics, attracting many travelers. • There were 3 main centers: • Rome: Saint Peter was martyred and the Pope lived. • Jerusalem: where Jesus died. • Santiago de Compostela: tomb of Apostle James was found in the 9th century. • Pilgrims found accommodation in monasteries, hospitals, and inns. Pilgrimages encouraged urban and commercial development and exchange of ideas and knowledge. ⸻ Power points: • War: strong c...