SA 11 Late 18th and early 19th centuries

Apuntes

SA 1: Late 18th and early 19th centuries PART 1: 1. The ancien régime📝 In the 17th and 18th centuries, France operated under a socio-political system later known as the Ancien Régime. This term is also used to describe the situation in most other European countries during this period. 1.1. Characteristics of the Ancien Régime📝 ● Absolute monarchy: the monarch was King by divine right and could exercise all the powers of the state. ○ The only restriction was the divine law. ○ The monarchy was hereditary. ● State intervention in the economy: the economy was based on agrarian activities, with some trade and urban handicrafts. ● Argument from authority: Knowledge and beliefs on the authority of powerful individuals or institutions, such as the monarch, the church or ancient texts. ● The estate system: society was still divided into three estates, as it had been since the Middle Ages. However, the social reality was very different. ○ Social system: ■ Privileged people: ● First state: CLERGY ● Second state: NOBILITY ■ Underprivileged people: ● Third state:BOURGEOISIE-WAGE-LABOURERS- PEASANTS 2. The Enlightenment📝 The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that emerged in the 18t...