a.Christians took refuge in the north of the peninsula and formed counties and kingdoms1

Apuntes

a.Christians took refuge in the north of the peninsula and formed counties and kingdoms: Some Visigoths took refuge in the Cantabrian Mountains. Pelayo defeated the Muslims in the battle of Covadonga (722). The Kingdom of Asturias (Oviedo) was created, and grew to become the Kingdom of León. The County of Castile was created In the east of the Kingdom of León. b. Christians took refuge in the north of the peninsula and formed counties and kingdoms: In the Pyrenees, Charlemagne created the Hispanic Marches from Pamplona to Barcelona as the border with Al-Andalus The Marches consisted of different counties, ruled by counts After Charlemagne’s death, the counties became independent and emerged: the Kingdom of Pamplona the Aragonese counties the Catalan counties .How did the Christian conquest advance between the 11th and 13th centuries? Four states emerged: Navarre, Castile, Aragon and Portuga Navarre: With Sancho III el Mayor the kingdom reached its maximum expansion (up to Castile, León and part of the Aragonese counties). With the death of Sancho III el Mayor, the kingdom of Pamplona was divided among his heirs. It was renamed Kingdom of Navarre. Castile: The kingdoms of Le...