Transcripción 16/11/2025, 11:01:29

Apuntes

• Theme 1: The Enlightenment **1.1. The End of the Modern Age** The historical evolution throughout the Modern Age in Europe created the favorable conditions for a radical change at the end of the eighteenth century. The most outstanding processes were: - The development of differentiated political models: parliamentarism and absolutism, which reached maturity. - The emergence of a commercial and financial economy that was increasingly perfected and extended to all continents, with agriculture and livestock still being the main occupations of the population. - The strength of the social sectors detached from the work of the land and dedicated to commercial, financial, and professional activities (elites of crafts and commerce, lawyers, etc.). - The intellectual movements that, based on humanism, made political, economic, and social approaches that allowed us to think of a society different from the one known until then. - The advances in science during the seventeenth century (Newton, Galileo, Kepler) laid the foundations for the scientific method that allowed new discoveries in the eighteenth century (Fahrenheit, Celsius, Vota, Linnaeus, Lavoisier), redefining the way of ap...