GRAMMAR SUMMARY UNIT 11

Apuntes

**GRAMMAR SUMMARY UNIT 11** **Reported Speech** **Statements** We can use direct speech or reported speech to say what someone else said. **Direct speech:** He said, "I'll see you later." **Reported speech:** He said that he’d see me later. We can leave out "that," especially in informal, spoken contexts. She said she’d go. (or She said that she’d go.) When we use reported speech, we normally change the tense of the verb. **Tense changes in reported speech:** | Direct speech | Reported speech | |----------------|----------------| | Simple present | Simple past | | Paul said, "I want to give you something." | Paul said (that) he wanted to give me something. | | Present continuous | Past continuous | | Maria said, "I'm waiting for the train." | Maria said (that) she was waiting for the train. | | Simple past | Past perfect | | Paul said, "I sent you a message." | Paul said (that) he had sent me a message. | | Present perfect | Past perfect | | Maria said, "I have just arrived home." | Maria said (that) she had just arrived home. | **Modals:** - "Will" and "can" change to "would" and "could." - "Might" and "would" do not change in repor...