Foundations of Hemodynamic Monitoring: Core Parameters and Cardiac Output

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Turk J Anaesthesiol ReanimReview Article © Copyright 2025 b y the Turkish Anesthesiology and Reanimation Association / Turkish Journal of Anaesthesiology & Reanimation is published b y Galenos Publishing House. L icensed under a Creative Commons Attribution ( CC BY) 4.0 International L icense. Foundations and Advancements in Hemodynamic Monitoring: Part I-Elements of Hemodynamics Zeliha Aslı Demir1, Emre Sertaç Bingül2, Burhan Dost3, Gamze Talih4, Aslıhan Aykut1, Muhammed Enes Aydın5, Başak Akça6, Ümit Karadeniz1 1Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Clinic of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation Clinic, Ankara, Türkiye 2İstanbul University, İstanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, İstanbul, Türkiye 3Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Samsun, Türkiye 4Erciyes University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Kayseri, Türkiye 5Atatürk University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Erzurum, Türkiye 6Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, Ankara, Türkiye Cite this article as: Demir ZA, Bingül...