GENERAL PR

Apuntes

GENERAL PROPERTIES OF METALS Physical • Lustrous: Shiny due to free electrons. • Malleable & Ductile: Can be shaped and stretched. • High Density & Melting Points: Strong atomic bonding. • Conductive: Excellent for heat and electricity. • Sonorous: Ringing sound when struck. • Solid State: Except mercury. Chemical • Form Cations: Lose electrons easily. • Basic Oxides: React with oxygen. • React with Acids: Release hydrogen gas. • Displacement: More reactive metals replace less reactive ones. REACTIVITY SERIES & REACTIONS With Water • Potassium, Sodium, Calcium: Vigorous. • Magnesium: Slow with cold water, faster with steam. • Iron, Zinc: Steam only. • Copper, Silver, Gold: No reaction. With Acids • Above Hydrogen: React to release H₂. o Example: Zn + H2SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2 Displacement • Example: Mg + CuSO4 → MgSO4 + Cu Thermal Decomposition • Example: CuCO3 → CuO + CO2 IRON EXTRACTION IN THE BLAST FURNACE Combustion of coke C + O2 → CO2 + heat CO Formation CO2 + C → 2CO Reduction of iron ore (hematite = Fe2O3) Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2Fe+3CO2 Limestone Decomposition *CaCO3 → CaO + CO2 Slag Formation **CaO + SiO2 → CaSiO3 USES OF METALS Metal Common Uses Cost Density Conductivity Iron Constructi...