Section 1

Apuntes

Section 1 Introduction and developmental anatomy Section contents 1 The study of anatomy 3 2 The locomotor system 7 3 The central nervous system 17 4 The circulatory system 32 5 The respiratory system 38 6 The gastrointestinal system 42 7 Skin and fascia 46 8 Embryonic development—the first few weeks 49 This page intentionally left blank 1 The study of anatomy Chapter contents 1.1 Introduction 4 1.2 How to approach anatomy 4 1.3 Descriptive anatomical terms 5 4 The study of anatomy 1.2 How to approach anatomy 1.1 Introduction Human anatomy concerns the structure of the human body. Anatomy is often interpreted as the study of only those structures that can be seen with the naked eye (gross anatomy). Anatomy also covers the study of structure at the cellular (histology) and subcellular level (ultrastructure). The formation (embryology) and growth of anatomi- cal structures (developmental anatomy) influence their organization, appearance, and their relationship to other structures and often explain gross anatomical arrangement. Historically, physiology (the study of the function of the body) was regarded as a separate subject from anatomy but the relationships between structure and fu...