CHAPTER 10

Apuntes

CHAPTER 10 — DISEASES AND IMMUNITY •Pathogen A microorganism that causes disease. •TYPES OF PATHOGENS • Viruses: e.g., flu, influenza, cold, poliomyelitis, measles, AIDS. • Bacteria: e.g., cholera, pneumonia, whooping cough, tuberculosis. • Protoctists: e.g., malaria, dysentery. • Fungi: e.g., athlete’s foot, ringworm. •Host An organism in which the pathogen lives and reproduces. •Transmissible Diseases Diseases that can be passed from one host to another, caused by pathogens. ⸻ INSIDE THE BODY Some pathogens damage cells by living within them, while others release toxins into cells and body systems as waste products. ⸻ HOW PATHOGENS ENTER THE BODY •Transmission The movement of pathogens from one host to another. •Infection The entry of a pathogen into a host’s body. ⸻ •Direct Contact Diseases transmitted through direct contact are known as transmissible diseases. E.g., HIV, which causes AIDS, can spread when infected blood contacts another person’s blood. ⸻ •Indirect Contact Transmission can occur via: • Breathing in droplets containing pathogens (e.g., cold, influenza, COVID-19). • Touching surfaces contaminated by infected individuals....