Biology molecules

Apuntes

**Biology Molecules** All living organisms are made of four types of molecules. **Organic Molecules (Biomolecules):** - Carbohydrates - Lipids - Proteins - Nucleic acids All of these molecules contain carbon. These bonds can be simple (single bonds) or double bonds. **Double Bond** **Single Bonds** Carbon can form four covalent bonds. **ORGANIC: CONTAIN CARBON** Carbon can form four covalent bonds either with other carbon atoms or with different elements. This gives carbon the flexibility to form a wide variety of complex structures. These biological molecules also contain additional elements: - C - Carbon - H - Hydrogen - O - Oxygen - N - Nitrogen - P - Phosphorus **Types of Biomolecules and Their Elements:** - Carbohydrates (for energy): C, H, O - Lipids (energy and insulation): C, H, O - Proteins: C, H, O, N - Nucleic acids (DNA): C, H, O, N, P **Monomers and Polymers** Most biomolecules are polymers made up of units known as monomers. - **Monomer:** Smaller units that combine to make a large molecule (polymer). - **Polymer:** Large molecules made up of many repeating units of monomers joined together by chemical bonds. | Monomers | Polymers ...